![]() Fill with your favorite filling and bake until shells are light brown, about 20 minutes. Shape dough into 24 1-inch balls and press into ungreased 1 1/2-inch muffin cups (mini-muffin size) to make a shallow shell. So as you can see, this recipe is very versatile. Preheat the oven to 325 degrees F (165 degrees C). I bake the shells together with the filling.Īnd I also made goat cheese with caramelised onion, smoked salmon chives and cream cheese tarts using them. I've also used this recipe for my Hong Kong-style coconut tarts and dulce de leche coconut tarts. Those are recipes where I bake the shells separately and then fill them. I've used the shells tarts with my mini salted chocolate tarts, Hokkaido cheese tarts and strawberry cheese tarts. You can also freeze the dough, tightly wrapped, for up to 6 months. Having a stash of already made tart shells is always more accessible and handy. I rather store them baked because personally for me it's easier. I like to pop them in the oven at 350✯ (175✬) for 3-4 minutes to bring them back to life. Then I place them in a Ziploc bag and back in the freezer. I pop them in the freezer for 1-2 hours until they're frozen. What I do is remove the shells from the moulds and place them on a baking tray lined with parchment paper, not touching each other. If I need them beyond 2 days then I usually freeze them. I store them in an airtight container, at room temperature. Sometimes when I don't have time I make the tart shells a day or two before I fill them. Tart Shells Rectangle Sweet 4x1.5 75ctSold by: caseStatus: Stocked item Technical Sheet Open Technical Sheet About the brand A la Folie is a brand of. Don't like freezers? Then chill them for a good 30 minutes in the fridge.īake on the lowest rack - This ensures the shells bake beautifully and evenly without browning the top too much. A minimum of 30 minutes is just perfect.įreeze before baking - Pop the tarts in the freezer for 10 minutes while you preheat the oven after you press the dough into the tarts moulds. This will make it easier to blend the sugar in without having to whisk like crazy (which we don't want to do).Ĭhill the dough - Don't skip this part because the dough is too soft to handle, without chilling it. Soften butter - As I mentioned above, you'll need the butter to be softened. However, there are some tiny details that will definitely help you make the shells, stress-free. This is a fairly easy and straightforward recipe. The rest of the ingredients stay the same. Savoury tarts - Use 1 teaspoon sugar and add in also ½ teaspoon salt. That's why I love this recipe because you can use it for both sweet and savoury. ![]() Changing the flour will affect the end result. ![]() If you want.Īll-purpose flour - I've only used all-purpose flour with this recipe as it works wonderfully with the ratio of the rest of the ingredients. Depending on your filling, add in almond, coconut extract, and citrus zest for example. It helps to make the dough pliable and easier to handle.
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![]() Germany.Steinbach "King of the Nutcrackers" nutcracker ![]() Steinbach "King of the Nutcrackers" nutcracker.Large Steinbach Nutcracker, 12Large Steinbach Nutcracker, 12.6 Steinbach Nutcrackers to include: 3 Wisemen,6 Steinbach Nutcrackers to include: 3 Wisemen, Joseph, Noah and the Ark, and Bible Moses, all with original boxes.5 Steinbach Nutcrackers to include: Merlin5 Steinbach Nutcrackers to include: Merlin the Magician, King Ludwig II of Bavaria 1845-1886, King Arthur of Camelot, Sir Lancelot, and Sir Galahad, all.6 Steinbach Nutcrackers to include: Phantom6 Steinbach Nutcrackers to include: Phantom of the Opera, 2001 New Years Eve, With Compliments and Best Regards From Germany to our Club-Member, and the.11 Steinbach Nutcrackers from the Tchaikovsky's11 Steinbach Nutcrackers from the Tchaikovsky's series to include: 2 Toy soldiers, Mouse King, Prince, Herr Drosselmeyer, Clara, 3 Dancers, Sugarplum Fairy.5 Steinbach Nutcrackers to include: Alice5 Steinbach Nutcrackers to include: Alice in Wonderland, Alice's White Rabbit, Mad Hatter, Humpty Dumpty and Robin Hood, all with original boxes Estimate.Four Steinbach nutcrackers - Chef, Jester,Four Steinbach nutcrackers - Chef, Jester, hunter, shepherd.Four Steinbach nutcrackers - Fireman, farmer,Four Steinbach nutcrackers - Fireman, farmer, drummer, guard.Three Steinbach nutcrackers - Chef, Mrs.Three Steinbach nutcrackers - Chef, Mrs.Three Steinbach nutcrackers - Bavarian, CasanovaThree Steinbach nutcrackers - Bavarian, Casanova & Grandpa.Two Steinbach nutcrackers - Prince Ernst-AugustTwo Steinbach nutcrackers - Prince Ernst-August & General Steuben.Carved wood, tagged and marked underfoot, "Original Steinbach Volkskunst, Germany". Germany.Two Steinbach nutcrackers - Prince & Bacchus Two Steinbach nutcrackers - Prince & Bacchus.Three Steinbach nutcrackers - Lion King,Three Steinbach nutcrackers - Lion King, WIzard of Oz, Phantom of The Opera.Three Steinbach nutcrackers - Shepherd, basketThree Steinbach nutcrackers - Shepherd, basket maker & woodsman.Two Steinbach nutcrackers - Christopher ColumbusTwo Steinbach nutcrackers - Christopher Columbus & Alpine mountain climber.Three German Steinbach nutcrackers - Doctor,Three German Steinbach nutcrackers - Doctor, Mailman & Chimney Sweep.Three German Steinbach Nutcrackers - twoThree German Steinbach Nutcrackers - two pilots and Captain of the Titanic.Carved wood, tagged and marked underfoot, "Original Steinbach Volkskunst, Two German Steinbach nutcrackers of RussianTwo German Steinbach nutcrackers of Russian Czar and Austrian Santa Clause. ![]()
He has also produced soap operas and music videos and directed the movie Fish without a Bicycle and an episode of Beverly Hills, 90210. Brian Austin Green Brian Austin Green – Father of Noah Shannon Greenīrian Austin Green, known for his work on “Beverly Hills, 90210”, is an American actor and rapper. Noah Shannon Green’s parents are Brian Austin Green and Megan Fox. Young Bodhi Ransom Green (born 2014) and Journey River Green (born 2016) are the names of his blood-brother, while Kassius Marcel Green is the name of his half-brother. Shannon has two younger siblings and one half-brother. He also has dark brown eyes and light brown hair. Anyway, details about the height parameter are missing. In 2016, they also spent $3.3 million on a 2-acre farm.Noah Shannon weighs around 32kg at the time. His parents have sold their Los Feliz house for $3.75million and their Los Angeles house worth $1.299 million. Read: Top 10 Most Handsome Man in the World Bodhi Ransom Green Net worthīodhi Green, the son of millionaires, has to be now enjoying the $10 million worth of assets his parents have, which he inherited from their acting and film productions. Megan and Brian managed to co-parent their children and had agreed to receive joint financial and emotional support. Megan Kelly and Machine Gun Kelly are rumored to be in touch again in 2020. After Megan took five weeks off to film a movie, the couple began to drift apart. ![]() Megan Omaze hosted Megan Omaze’s “Fight4theAmazon” campaign on October 2019.īrian and Megan announced their separation in May 2020. He started a podcast, where he hosted a charity event last September 2018. ![]() Generosity Waters was his foundation for the development of water wells. He attended North Hollywood High School and Hamilton High School Academy and then focused on acting.Īpart from being an actor, he is also a philanthropist. Since he was a child, his parents had him enrolled at the Screen Actors Guild. He was a guest star in Terminator: The Sarah Connor Chronicles. īrian is well-known for his romantic comedy series, Beverly Hill, 90210, where he won Young Artist. When she was 13, her acting and modeling career began. Megan Fox also hosted the docuseries “Legends of the Lost,” which explored ancient sites.īefore she could make it big, however, she began dancing and drama classes at age 5. She was a Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles Out of the Shadows actress in 2014 and a New Girl star in 2015. These roles have made her one of the most beloved actresses in the 2000s. Her iconic role was also in “Jennifer’s Body,” (2009). However, her breakthrough came with “Transformers” (2007 and its sequel, “Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen (2008)”. Megan’s screen debut was in the 2001 movie “Holiday in the Sun,” where she starred. They got engaged in 2006 They were married in 2006.īodhi’s parents, who are actors and famous parents, have been made public. Bodhi Ransom Green’s mother is Megan Fox, and his father is Brian Austin Green. Kassie, his biological brother, was born in 2002. They are both his siblings through their families. Noah Shannon Green (born 2012) and Journey River Green (bor) are his siblings. ![]() Bodhi Ransom Green Parents & Siblings image source. Megan had three kids with Brian before getting divorced in august 2015. Megan revealed her pregnancy to Bodhi in August 2013, and her child was delivered on February 12, 2014. According to the birth certificate obtained via TMZ, Bodhi was born on February 14, 2014, at Cedars Sinai, Los Angeles. How old is Bodhi Ransom green?īodhi ransom green age is 8 years old as of 2022. Aside from his older brother Noah Shannon Green, born on September 27, 2012, and Journey River Green, born in 2016, the star child has two other brothers. He attends an elementary school close to his home. But what about his life after the divorce of his parents? Bodhi Ransom Green Education Overview His mother is well-known for her iconic role in Transformers, the movie that became a worldwide hit.īodhi, the son of prosperous parents, has undoubtedly had an extremely wealthy upbringing. His name ‘Bodhi,’ which means “awakening” in Sanskrit and Pali, refers to enlightenment. Both of their parents are famous American actors and successful. Who is Bodhi Ransom Green ? image source- īodhi ransom Green is the youngest of Megan Fox’s children and Brian Austin Green’s sons. “It’s a beautiful song, but I was just not able to sing it worth a shit.” Others would disagree. “The song that I think failed on that record was ‘High Time,’” Garcia told Rolling Stone in a 1972 interview. In that regard, Garcia was never more unhappy with a studio performance than he was with this country-blues breakup song. ![]() Garcia and the Dead were always extremely critical of their recorded output they always felt more comfortable onstage, where songs truly blossomed, than in a studio. And without it, what would that music have been?”Īll those sides of Garcia - musically and internally - emerge in this collection of the 50 greatest songs that he performed with the Dead and from his solo records. ![]() But you know, what great man doesn’t have that? His bright side, his ebullient side, far seemed to outweigh. Who knows, but there was a decided darkness to him. “I suppose it had something to do with losing his dad so young, and possibly his finger getting chopped off. “That man had an agony almost that he had to fight,” Hunter said. Nor was he simply “Jolly Jerry,” as his longtime lyrical collaborator, Robert Hunter, told Rolling Stone in a 2015 interview. Over the roughly 35 years that he wrote and recorded songs with the Dead and on his own, Garcia was an uncommonly eclectic musician - equally at home with folk, bluegrass, electronic music, old-timey ballads, country, reggae, and Chuck Berry-style rock & roll. Just as the Grateful Dead were more than just a “jam band,” Jerry Garcia was more than just the affable Captain Trips of the scene. Related: Grateful Dead Ultimate Album Guide That can reach the Internet upload the package via the local LAN or VPN and install it: Trivial stuff to install it, simply ]# rpm -Uvh \Īlternative way if you seem to not have the machine connected to the internet is simply download the package with wget / lynx / curl / w3m from another machine To start are caused by the zabbix-proxy-sqlite3 package provided by Redhat (due to openssl incompitability bug or something ).Īs one of people in the discussion pointed out the quickest workaround suggested is simply to use the official Zabbix Repository packages for zabbix-proxy-sqlite3, in order to not waste anymore time on this May 1st 2023, 08:42:45.011 zabbix_server cannot set list of PSK ciphersuites: file ssl_lib.c line 1314: error:1410D0B9:SSL routines:SSL_CTX_set_cipher_list:no cipher matchĪfter some googling and reading some threads came upon this one, there is exmplaed errors preventing the configured zabbix-proxy ![]() May 1st 2023, 08:42:45.013 zabbix_server cannot set list of PSK ciphersuites: file ssl_lib.c line 1314: error:1410D0B9:SSL routines:SSL_CTX_set_cipher_list:no cipher match May 1st 2023, 08:42:45.018 zabbix_server cannot set list of PSK ciphersuites: file ssl_lib.c line 1314: error:1410D0B9:SSL routines:SSL_CTX_set_cipher_list:no cipher match May 1st 2023, 08:42:45.020 zabbix_server cannot set list of PSK ciphersuites: file ssl_lib.c line 1314: error:1410D0B9:SSL routines:SSL_CTX_set_cipher_list:no cipher match Led me to a nasty errors seen in /var/log/zabbixsrv/zabbix_proxy.log like: RPM package that came with CentOS did not work as expected and trying to install / configure and use it ]# yum install zabbix-proxy-sqlite3.x86_64 ]# vi /etc/zabbix/zabbix_nf My experience to try to install thethe default CentOS RPM package for zabbix-proxy-sqlite3 provided by default Описание : Zabbix proxy with SQLite3 database support. Обобщение : Zabbix proxy for SQLite3 database Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile To not bother installing MySQL / PostgreSQL separate database servers, a lightweight choice is to use the sqlite3 db version.Īs I prefer zabbix-proxy data to be stored inside a flat database, thus I choose to use ]# yum info zabbix-proxy-sqlite3-5.0.86_64 Where the last value of the name (after zabbix-proxy) represents database type of the package - MySQL, PostgreSQL and SQLite respectively. Zabbix repository provides choice of 3 packages named as follows: Install zabbix-proxy-sqlite3 rpm package from Zabbix Official Repositories download page A proxy just sends raw values to the server, and the server itself does not have to connect to the host to get the data.Ģ. The time needed to connect and receive the host response will be on the proxy site, and the server performance will not be affected at all. A proxy can collect information from all hosts using its internal processes and then send raw historical data to the server. ![]() Improved Security (Zabbix server can be restricted to be connectable only by the set of connected Zabbix Proxy / ProxiesĪ Zabbix proxy is the ideal solution if you have numerous hosts with multiple slow items that are affecting the performance of the server simply because processes are spending most of the time simply waiting for a response.Simplify maintenance of distributed monitoring.Monitor locations having unreliable communications.Offload Zabbix Server when monitoring thousands of devices. ![]() Proxy can be used for many purposes and can provide many hidden benefits, just to name few of them: Why use Zabbix-Proxy hidden advantages of using Zabbix-Proxy ? Install Zabbix Proxy configure and connect to Zabbix server on CentOS Linux 1. The UI was pretty clean and worked well, too. Overall it worked and didn't have that many problems. I bought 17 when Mojave was the current OS. I will skip my experience with 8, and 11 because that was too long ago to be relevant for today. Since then: I've upgraded to new releases every few years to see what's new, and to have a current copy around. I started using Toast 6 when I had my blue and white G3, and it was a good reliable burning solution back in the days when Apple was picky about what third party drives their native burning supported. I was going to leave a star rating, however there doesn't seem to be an option for it, simply a comment option.Īnyway I own a license for Toast 6, 8, 11, 17, and 19. Having used Toast 19 Pro for a few days now, I thought I would share some thoughts on experience. It seems like more and more Apple is no longer a pro oriented platform, or at least it's changed enough that the term just doesn't mean what it used to in the old Apple community I grew up in. Since I'll be needing a new computer in a couple more years, this might be a good time to look into switching to windows so I can have access to the commercial, and professional authoring tools that I would like to learn. Either way I've generally had a good experience with Toast through the years, off and on that I've used it. My thoughts on the additional bundled software: I don't use it, but in order to get the features I do want and need, I need the Pro package. ![]() I will say, that once I cleaned out my toast 19 install, and clean installed the Toast 20 upgrade, it actually loads slightly faster. So I got toast 20 Pro for $80.Īs far as any visual differences, there aren't any. I usually pay around $99 USD for my upgrades, today, I came to the site when they were offering an additional 10 % discount for a limited time frame. I decided to upgrade because I've upgraded to Monterey, and version 19 was at end of support, and I wouldn't have gotten any future updates even though it was working without issues.Īnyway, Toast 20 fixes some things with Blu-ray video, and since that's my main reason for keeping toast around, it made sense to update for that, and now I'll get updates during this cycle as they come out. Usually, I only purchase a toast upgrade every couple years since I haven't used it all that often these days. Burn - Discover the easiest and fastest way to burn your digital media to disc new Toast Slice simple video editor.Toast will tweet your YouTube and Vimeo links automatically Share - Publish your video directly to YouTube, Facebook or Vimeo.Convert - Enhanced support lets you convert video for playback on a wide variety of devices, including phones, tablets, video game consoles and more.Copy - Easily copy content from CDs, DVDs and Blu-ray Discs, even faster with dual drives.Edit - Remove unwanted segments from your video clips, and enhance audio tracks or recordings.Capture - Get video from anywhere, including your screen, the web, camcorders and discs. ![]() Quickly trim video with just a few clicks in the new Toast Slice simple video editor. Get more style with more than 20 themed templates with menus, submenus, and chapters in Toast MyDVD, the pro-quality disc authoring tool. ![]() ![]() Roxio Toast Titanium, the leading DVD burner for Mac, makes burning even better, adding Roxio Secure Burn to protect your files on disc and USB in Mac- or Windows-compatible formats. ![]() Glyph of Rebirth: Players resurrected by rebirth will now return to live with 100% hp instead of 60%. This glyph was removed in the Warlords of Draenor patch 6.1. Use when: You are not allowed to hit all targets in a fight. Glyph of Guided Stars: Your Starfall ability only hit targets affected by either Sun or Moonfire. Use when: A large amount of movement is required multiple times throughout the entirety of a fight. Glyph of Dash: The cool-down of your Dash ability is decreased by 60 seconds, making it usable every 2 minuttes. This Glyph should be used in combination with the balance druid minor glyph solstice as well as the absence of the balance druid talent Euphoria. Use when: A fight requires a large amount of movement with a high level of AOE required. Glyph of Astral Communion: Movement will no longer interrupt the channeling of astral communion. Visit the Raiding Tips page for more raid fight related balance druid tips. Use when: a fight consist of more spell damage taken than physical damage taken. Glyph of Moonwarding: Moonkin form now grants 10% increased maximum health instead of 100% extra bonus armor. Amateur tanks will let you die to prove a childish point. ![]() Don’t pull additional trash that does not need to be engaged. Use when: To maximise your DPS in situations where all adds within 40 yards are not being crowd controlled or does not need to be engaged. ![]() Your Starfall and Sunfall now hit all enemies within 40 yards. Glyph of Untamed Stars: Added in patch 6.1, glyph of untamed stars simply keeps the balance druids Starfall as it was pre patch 6.1. Coordinate the usage of this ability with other fellow druids in your group. Use when: To help yourself get out of trouble or help other players within 40 yards range. Glyph of Stampeding Roar: Enables the ability to be cast in all forms and affects all other players within 40 yards of the balance druid. Mandatory Glyphs are glyphs that either enhances PVE performance, mobility, survivability or DPS in all fights while Occasional Glyphs only enhances PVE performance, mobility, survivability or DPS in very few fights ![]() Please click on the category you wish to explore. In order to facilitate the reading and cut to the chase, the glyph section has been broken into 4 categories as seen below. Tranquility can be used after a massive AoE or combined with Barkskin when needed.There are currently two types of Glyphs Major & Minor Glyphs.You can use Rejuvenation instead of Regrowth if the party isn’t taking too much damage.AoE healing Combo: Wild Growth -> 5x Regrowth.Begin by putting Regrowth and Lifebloom on the tank.Spirit (15% becomes spell power thanks to Improved Tree of Life ).Weapon: Enchant Weapon – Mighty Spellpower or Enchant Staff – Greater Spellpower.Boots: Enchant Boots – Tuskarr’s Vitality or Enchant Boots – Greater Spirit.Gloves: Enchant Gloves – Exceptional Spellpower.Bracers: Enchant Bracers – Superior Spellpower.Shoulder: Greater Inscription of the Crag.You may need to adjust your enchants to your gear. Meta: Insightful Earthsiege Diamond or Ember Skyflare Diamond (both are solid options).You may need to adjust your gems to account for your gear. Gems can change based on your build, equipment and caps. Rapid Rejuv makes you heal faster but it’s single target healing. Nourish works well with more hots on the target. Nourish or Rapid Rejuvenation or Regrowth.Some good ideas are Nature’s Grace, Empowered Touch, Natural Perfection or Tranquil Spirit. This build has 4 points available to spend as you please. ![]() I truly believe the people who gave this hoverboard a 5 star rating just got the hoverboard don’t buy this it’s a waste of money. All hover board will get bad if you hit them too hard but hover1s durability is absolutely awful. Swagboard can actually take some damage and still me fine, with hover1 if you bump in to something with little force it will get absolutely destroyed. IMHO there are far easier ways to implement an RC cart than 'to remove the front wheels of a four wheel utility cart and attach a hoverboard to the front underside. Don’t let the LED lights make you buy it now I know that doesn’t mean it’s better then other hoverboards, if your looking for a good hoverboard get the SWAGBOARD BEGINNER HOVERBOARD, T5 - RECERIFIED, everything bad about hover1 doesn’t happen with the hoverboard I just mentioned everything about the swagboard is amazing even though it doesn’t have LED lights this hoverboard is better then ones with led lights. The Hype 1 hoverboard uses wheels, not air fans, for weight support. The battery used to last around 2 hours when at full charge and now it only last around half an hour at full charge, on side of the hoverboard would stop working sometimes, the acceleration and traction aren’t that good, and it would just turn off sometimes when it’s not even at low charge. It was good the first 2-4 weeks but after that it just kept getting worse. How do I control my hoverboard with my phone. Step on it, apply pressure on the footpads for steering to the left or right and lean forward if you need to go faster. Segway hoverboards work in the same as any other traditional hoverboard. ![]() We recommend choosing a hoverboard with a battery that lasts at least 4 hours and comes. This app will let you maneuver the hoverboard remotely via Bluetooth and will also assist you in controlling the speed limits. The battery life determines how long you can ride your hoverboard before it needs to be recharged or replaced. are in devices like the remote control to a new car, I had never seen a li-ion battery so large. The first thing to consider is the battery life. Everything you need to know about a hoverboard battery. Snapchat conjures up bad Memories, a new form of Mac malware is on the loose, half a million hoverboards have been recalled, Microsoft helps you collect. H6+Street Hoverboard with Remote, Bag and Long Range Battery. I don’t recommend it for someone looking for a hoverboard. Hoverboard remote controls will allow you to change the rider settings of your hoverboard from beginner to advanced rider mode and back again. In this article, we will be discussing five things you should know before purchasing a hoverboard. Two-Wheel Self Balancing Hoverboard with Bluetooth Electric Scooter Hoverboard for Kids UL. I will say that the app was pretty cool, however the hoverboard was a huge letdown. ![]() That makes some sense to me - perhaps it goes out to make sure I've got 10.4.1, for instance.īut the second part of the dialog box delivers a different message: If you don't know the source of this program, then cancel out now before it has a chance to check whether you can even use it or not. The top part seems to imply that the installer is about to run a program which will check to see if my system can handle the package I'm about to install. However, I have difficulty understanding the purpose of this dialog box. Now I consider myself a relatively astute OS X user. I'm not sure when it crops up, but sometimes it does (only for apps that install kernel extensions?). Note that most OS X packages don't cause this screen to appear. Wait a second, and you'll see this screen appear:
![]() ![]() As soil compaction is persistent ( Keller et al., 2017 Seehusen et al., 2021), especially in the subsoil, the environmental effects are present in the long term. In addition, soil compaction results often in lower yields ( Arvidsson and Håkansson, 2014 Daigh et al., 2020). Therefore, compacted soils are more susceptible to surface water runoff and soil erosion ( Alaoui et al., 2018 Keller et al., 2019). Compared to an uncompacted soil, compacted soils have a lower air capacity, reduced water infiltration, lower air permeability, lower biological activity, reduced root and plant growth (e.g., Horn et al., 1995 Weisskopf et al., 2010 Destain et al., 2016 Szatanik-Kloc et al., 2018). Soil compaction is defined as an increase of bulk density while pore volume decreases ( Horn et al., 1995). Reducing soil compaction is therefore necessary to achieve the SDG 15 and to enable a sustainable soil use. Continued soil compaction, however, contradicts the sustainable development goal 15 (SDG15), which aims to achieve land degradation neutrality by sustainable land use management. This degradation process is expected to continue in the coming centuries due to intensive field traffic activities with heavy machinery ( Keller et al., 2017 Keller et al., 2019 Techen et al., 2020). Soil compaction is one of the main soil degradation processes on agricultural land worldwide ( FAO, 2015). Although the soil compaction risk analysis does not provide information on the actual extent of the compacted area, the identification of risk areas within a period may contribute to understand the dynamics of soil compaction risk in crop rotation at regional scale and provide advice to mitigate further soil compaction in areas classified as high risk. Additionally, 39.8% of the cropland was affected by “extremely high” soil compaction at least in one of the 5 years. Focusing on the complete 5-year period, 2.7% of the cropland area was identified as hot-spots of soil compaction risk, where the highest soil compaction risk class (“extremely high”) occurred every year. Contrary, high precipitation in 2017 increased the soil compaction risk considerably. The relatively dry years 20–2020 reduced the soil compaction risk even at high wheel loads applied to soil during maize and sugar beet harvest. The results showed the dynamic changes of soil compaction risk within a year and throughout the entire crop rotation. We calculated the soil compaction risk using an updated version of the SaSCiA-model (Spatially explicit Soil Compaction risk Assessment) for each single day of the period, with a spatial resolution of 20 m. Sentinel-2 images were used to derive the crop types for a 5-years crop rotation (2016–2020). Therefore, we selected a study area (∼2,000 km 2) with intensive arable farming in Northern Germany, having a high share of cereals, maize and sugar beets. The objective of this study was to analyze the spatio-temporal dynamics of soil compaction risk and to identify hot-spot areas of high soil compaction risk at regional scale. Thus, soil compaction risk is very dynamic, changes from day to day and from field to field. ![]() Both, soil strength and stress, are spatially and temporally highly variable, depending on the weather situation, the current crop type, and the machinery used. Soil compaction results whenever applied soil stress by machinery exceed the soil strength. 2Department of Geography, Earth Observation and Modelling, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany.1Department of Geography, Landscape Ecology and Geoinformation Science, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany.Michael Kuhwald 1*, Katja Kuhwald 2 and Rainer Duttmann 1 |